THE STORY OF THE FIRST CONTRACT

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A journey back to the beginning - to the early struggles of hotel workers, the birth of the union, and the signing on January 18, 1939, of the first of the series of contracts that have established the working conditions of New York City hotel workers today.

"If I were asked to summarize what we accomplished on January 18, 1939, I would say that above all, with the signing of the first contract, we brought dignity to one of the most depressed and exploited categories of workers." -President Jay Rubin

The signing of the first contract, January 18, 1939. Seated, from left, are Council President Jay Rubin; Father John P. Boland. Chairman, State Labor Relations Board; Martin Sweeny, Acting President of the Hotel Association. Among the Union and industry negotiators and well-wishers behind them are Sidney E. Cohn, Union attorney; Stanley M. Issacs, Manhattan Borough President; Anna Rosenberg, Regional Director, Social Security Board; Newbold Morris, President of the City Council; Edward P. Flore, General President, Hotel and Restaurant International; Elinore M. Herrick, Regional Director, Labor Relations Board; Local 6 President Miguel Garriga; and James A. McCarthy, Executive Secretary, Hotel Association. The signing of the contract was a news maker of the day.

Early in December 1938, a leaflet handed out in the hotels of the union-the recently created Hotel Trades Council-informed the workers that negotiations with the Hotel Association were nearing the climax:

"The negotiating committees session have been in virtually continuous session since last Thursday, with meetings practically every day since. One lengthy session was held into a late hour last Tuesday night and another was in progress today."

The leaflet spread this message: "Hotel Workers! Keep your ranks solid. Stand firm!"

Two weeks later - good news in a hard winter - came another leaflet. It began simply and exultantly: "It's here!"

A years-old dream had come true. A succession of defeats had been turned into victory. The union had proved itself, and won the agreement of the Hotel Association to a contract establishing wage rates, hours and other conditions - the first of the series of contracts that have added gain to gain and established the working conditions of today.

That first contract - discussed clause by clause and approved at a mass meeting of Union members at Manhattan Center - provided for a 48-hour, six-day work week for most workers, 54 hours for waiters and busboys. It raised wages by an average of $2, setting these typical minimum weekly rates:

• Maids $14.50
• Waiters $9 (waitresses got only $7.50-only later did the union succeed in ending wage discrimination against women)
• Bellman $4
• Electricians $30
• Sous chefs $50
• White jackets $24
• Dishwashers $15
• Bartenders $30
• Elevator operators $19.

(These were the rates for employees of so-called Class A restaurants and of transient hotels; the rates applying to dining rooms designated Class B or Class C or to semi-transient and residential Hotels were lower.)

And the first contract brought these other gains:

• Time and a half after 10 hours
• One week vacation
• Free uniforms
• The union shop
• Prohibition of employment discrimination

Compared with the working conditions set forth in the contract of today, that first settlement doesn't seem like much. But the true comparison is with the conditions prevailing before it. Put yourself in the position of the hotel worker in the years before the union was organized and the first contract negotiated. If you were a maid, your working conditions were like those described in a 1935 Report of the New York State Department of Labor. In one New York City hotel, the department said, "Maids work from 10 to 12 hours a day. Their pay is $30 a month (about $7 a week.) Each maid has to attend to 30 rooms." And about another hotel: "Maids work 11 hours a day, 7 days a week, and have no time for lunch."